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Agronomy & Field Crop Production (Agriculture & Crop Sciences) Solved Questions & Notes (2026) - Apex Rankers

Agricultural & Veterinary Sciences > Agriculture & Crop Sciences > Agronomy & Field Crop Production

100 Total Questions
~150 mins Read Time
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Q. 1 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: MEDIUM (1 Mark)
What is the optimum temperature range for wheat germination in Pakistan?
A
35°C to 40°C
B
25°C to 30°C
C
15°C to 20°C
✓ Correct
D
5°C to 10°C
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
15-20°C provides optimal thermal units for rapid embryo activation and root development.
Q. 2 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
Which growth stage in wheat is most vulnerable to water stress?
A
Booting
B
Dough stage
C
Crown Root Initiation (CRI)
✓ Correct
D
Tillering
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
CRI occurring 20-25 days after sowing is critical for establishing nodal roots.
Q. 3 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: MEDIUM (1 Mark)
What is the recommended seed rate for broadcast sowing of wheat under late planting conditions?
A
90-100 kg/acre
B
20-25 kg/acre
C
60-70 kg/acre (150-175 kg/ha)
✓ Correct
D
35-40 kg/acre
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Higher seed rate compensates for reduced tillering window in late sown wheat.
Q. 4 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
Which cropping pattern involves growing two or more crops simultaneously with no distinct row arrangement?
A
Relay cropping
B
Intercropping
C
Mixed cropping
✓ Correct
D
Alley cropping
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Mixed cropping minimizes risk of total crop loss under variable weather.
Q. 5 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: MEDIUM (1 Mark)
Puddling in paddy rice soil primarily aims to:
A
Promote aerobic nitrification
B
Increase soil porosity
C
Destroy soil aggregates and minimize water percolation
✓ Correct
D
Dry out the topsoil
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Puddling creates an impervious clay layer that retains standing water in paddy fields.
Q. 6 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: MEDIUM (1 Mark)
The base temperature (Tb) below which maize growth ceases is:
A
10°C
✓ Correct
B
5°C
C
15°C
D
0°C
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Maize thermal time (GDD) calculations use 10°C as the physiological base threshold.
Q. 7 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: MEDIUM (1 Mark)
Which selective post-emergence herbicide controls broadleaf weeds in wheat?
A
Paraquat
B
Glyphosate
C
Bromoxynil + MCPA
✓ Correct
D
Pendimethalin
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Bromoxynil + MCPA selectively targets dicot weeds without harming monocot wheat.
Q. 8 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In cotton agronomy, a 'Square' refers to:
A
The unopened floral bud
✓ Correct
B
The secondary root branch
C
The cotyledon leaf
D
The open boll
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Squares develop into flowers and subsequently into cotton bolls.
Q. 9 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: MEDIUM (1 Mark)
Which legume crop is widely utilized as a green manure crop before rice?
A
Chickpea
B
Lentil
C
Groundnut
D
Sesbania aculeata (Dhaincha)
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Sesbania produces rapid succulent biomass and fixes high atmospheric nitrogen.
Q. 10 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: HARD (1 Mark)
The critical weed competition period in maize crop is:
A
During grain filling
B
At physiological maturity
C
Only during germination
D
First 3 to 6 weeks after emergence
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Early weed competition causes severe irreversible yield reduction in maize.
Q. 11 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: HARD (1 Mark)
System of Rice Intensification (SRI) promotes:
A
Broadcasting mature seedlings densely
B
High chemical fertilizer rates only
C
Transplanting single young seedlings at wider spacing
✓ Correct
D
Flooding fields permanently 6 inches deep
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
SRI uses single young seedlings (8-12 days) at wider square spacing to boost tillering.
Q. 12 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: MEDIUM (1 Mark)
What is the primary objective of scarification in seed technology?
A
Weakening or breaking an impermeable seed coat to allow water imbibition
✓ Correct
B
Treating seeds with herbicide
C
Drying seeds to zero moisture
D
Freezing seeds
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Mechanical or chemical scarification breaks physical dormancy in hard-coated seeds.
Q. 13 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: MEDIUM (1 Mark)
Which sugarcane planting method saves water and facilitates intercropping?
A
Zero tillage
B
Flat broadcast sowing
C
Trench / Pit planting system
✓ Correct
D
Ridge and furrow
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Deep trenches concentrate irrigation and fertilizers directly around setts.
Q. 14 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: MEDIUM (1 Mark)
Harvest index (HI) is mathematically defined as:
A
Grain weight per square meter
B
Biological yield divided by grain yield
C
Economic yield divided by total biological yield
✓ Correct
D
Total root mass divided by shoot mass
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
HI = (Economic Yield / Biological Yield) x 100, reflecting partitioning efficiency.
Q. 15 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
Which tillage implement is standardly used for secondary seedbed preparation and leveling?
A
Moldboard plow
B
Chisel plow
C
Subsoiler
D
Disc harrow and cultivator followed by planking (Sohaga)
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Cultivators and wooden/steel planks break clods and create a smooth level seedbed.
Q. 16 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: HARD (1 Mark)
What is the optimum soil moisture level (field capacity percentage) for sowing most field crops?
A
10% of field capacity
B
100% saturation (waterlogging)
C
Permanent wilting point
D
50% to 75% of available water capacity
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Adequate aeration and moisture at 50-75% field capacity ensure rapid germination.
Q. 17 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: HARD (1 Mark)
Which physiological disorder in cotton is associated with sudden wilting and leaf reddening?
A
Boll rot
B
Rust
C
Cotton leaf reddening / Parawilt
✓ Correct
D
Smut
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Leaf reddening and parawilt result from sudden waterlogging, nutrient imbalance, and low soil temperature.
Q. 18 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: MEDIUM (1 Mark)
The process of removing male inflorescence (tassel) in hybrid seed production of maize is called:
A
Topping
B
Detasseling
✓ Correct
C
Thinning
D
De-suckering
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Detasseling female inbred lines prevents self-pollination in hybrid maize seed production.
Q. 19 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: MEDIUM (1 Mark)
Which oilseed crop has the highest oil content (40-45%) in Pakistan?
A
Soybean
B
Cottonseed
C
Canola / Mustard (Brassica napus)
✓ Correct
D
Corn
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Canola and mustard seed contain 40-45% high-quality edible oil.
Q. 20 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: HARD (1 Mark)
Ginning percentage (Lint Index / GOT) in cotton is calculated as:
A
Bolls per plant
B
Seed weight per boll
C
(Weight of lint / Total weight of seed cotton) x 100
✓ Correct
D
(Weight of seed / Total weight) x 100
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Ginning Out-Turn (GOT) standardly ranges from 33% to 40% in commercial cotton varieties.
Q. 21 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: MEDIUM (1 Mark)
In applied field conditions: What is the optimum temperature range for wheat germination in Pakistan?
A
35°C to 40°C
B
5°C to 10°C
C
25°C to 30°C
D
15°C to 20°C
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
15-20°C provides optimal thermal units for rapid embryo activation and root development.
Q. 22 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In applied field conditions: Which growth stage in wheat is most vulnerable to water stress?
A
Dough stage
B
Booting
C
Tillering
D
Crown Root Initiation (CRI)
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
CRI occurring 20-25 days after sowing is critical for establishing nodal roots.
Q. 23 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: MEDIUM (1 Mark)
In applied field conditions: What is the recommended seed rate for broadcast sowing of wheat under late planting conditions?
A
90-100 kg/acre
B
60-70 kg/acre (150-175 kg/ha)
✓ Correct
C
20-25 kg/acre
D
35-40 kg/acre
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Higher seed rate compensates for reduced tillering window in late sown wheat.
Q. 24 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In applied field conditions: Which cropping pattern involves growing two or more crops simultaneously with no distinct row arrangement?
A
Intercropping
B
Relay cropping
C
Mixed cropping
✓ Correct
D
Alley cropping
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Mixed cropping minimizes risk of total crop loss under variable weather.
Q. 25 MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Difficulty: MEDIUM (1 Mark)
In applied field conditions: Puddling in paddy rice soil primarily aims to:
A
Dry out the topsoil
B
Promote aerobic nitrification
C
Destroy soil aggregates and minimize water percolation
✓ Correct
D
Increase soil porosity
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Puddling creates an impervious clay layer that retains standing water in paddy fields.
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