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Botany & Plant Physiology (Biology) Solved Questions & Notes (2026) - Apex Rankers

Natural & Physical Sciences > Biology > Botany & Plant Physiology

44 Total Solved Questions
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Botany & Plant Physiology

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Q. 1 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
Where do the Light-Dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur within the chloroplast?
A
Thylakoid membranes (Grana)
✓ Correct
B
Stroma
C
Outer membrane
D
Intermembrane space
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Light reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes where chlorophyll absorbs light, producing ATP and NADPH (the Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma).
Q. 2 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
What plant vascular tissue is responsible for transporting water and dissolved inorganic minerals upward from roots to leaves?
A
Xylem (vessels and tracheids)
✓ Correct
B
Phloem (sieve tubes and companion cells)
C
Pith
D
Cortex
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Xylem conducts water unidirectionally via transpiration pull and root pressure; Phloem translocates sucrose bidirectionally.
Q. 3 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: MEDIUM (1 Mark)
Which plant hormone is primarily responsible for promoting cell elongation, apical dominance, and phototropism?
A
Auxin (Indole-3-acetic acid / IAA)
✓ Correct
B
Gibberellin
C
Cytokinin
D
Abscisic Acid (ABA)
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Auxins stimulate cell wall loosening and shoot elongation toward light (phototropism) and suppress lateral buds.
Q. 4 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: MEDIUM (1 Mark)
Which plant hormone is known as the 'Stress Hormone' that induces stomatal closure during drought?
A
Abscisic Acid (ABA)
✓ Correct
B
Ethylene
C
Auxin
D
Gibberellic acid (GA3)
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
ABA signals guard cells to lose turgor pressure and close stomata rapidly to prevent fatal desiccation under water stress.
Q. 5 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
Lysosomes are known as the suicide bags of the cell because they contain high concentrations of:
A
Oxidative peroxides
B
Ribosomes
C
Photosynthetic pigments
D
Hydrolytic enzymes (Acid hydrolases)
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Lysosomes contain acidic hydrolytic enzymes capable of digesting cellular macromolecules, pathogens, and damaged organelles.
Q. 6 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In cell biology & macromolecular biochemistry #9: Which amino acid is the starting codon (AUG) in eukaryotic protein synthesis?
A
Methionine
✓ Correct
B
Alanine
C
Valine
D
Tryptophan
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
AUG codes for methionine in eukaryotes (and formylmethionine in prokaryotes), serving as the universal start codon.
Q. 7 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In cell biology & macromolecular biochemistry #14: Which amino acid is the starting codon (AUG) in eukaryotic protein synthesis?
A
Alanine
B
Methionine
✓ Correct
C
Valine
D
Tryptophan
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
AUG codes for methionine in eukaryotes (and formylmethionine in prokaryotes), serving as the universal start codon.
Q. 8 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In cell biology & macromolecular biochemistry #19: Which amino acid is the starting codon (AUG) in eukaryotic protein synthesis?
A
Valine
B
Alanine
C
Methionine
✓ Correct
D
Tryptophan
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
AUG codes for methionine in eukaryotes (and formylmethionine in prokaryotes), serving as the universal start codon.
Q. 9 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In cell biology & macromolecular biochemistry #24: Which amino acid is the starting codon (AUG) in eukaryotic protein synthesis?
A
Tryptophan
B
Alanine
C
Valine
D
Methionine
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
AUG codes for methionine in eukaryotes (and formylmethionine in prokaryotes), serving as the universal start codon.
Q. 10 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In cell biology & macromolecular biochemistry #29: Which amino acid is the starting codon (AUG) in eukaryotic protein synthesis?
A
Methionine
✓ Correct
B
Alanine
C
Valine
D
Tryptophan
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
AUG codes for methionine in eukaryotes (and formylmethionine in prokaryotes), serving as the universal start codon.
Q. 11 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In cell biology & macromolecular biochemistry #34: Which amino acid is the starting codon (AUG) in eukaryotic protein synthesis?
A
Alanine
B
Methionine
✓ Correct
C
Valine
D
Tryptophan
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
AUG codes for methionine in eukaryotes (and formylmethionine in prokaryotes), serving as the universal start codon.
Q. 12 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In cell biology & macromolecular biochemistry #39: Which amino acid is the starting codon (AUG) in eukaryotic protein synthesis?
A
Valine
B
Alanine
C
Methionine
✓ Correct
D
Tryptophan
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
AUG codes for methionine in eukaryotes (and formylmethionine in prokaryotes), serving as the universal start codon.
Q. 13 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21?
A
Edwards syndrome
B
Turner syndrome
C
Klinefelter syndrome
D
Down syndrome
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Down syndrome is an autosomal aneuploidy characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (47, XX/XY, +21).
Q. 14 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In molecular genetics #9: What molecular technique is used to amplify minute quantities of specific DNA segments in vitro?
A
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
✓ Correct
B
Gel Electrophoresis
C
Southern Blotting
D
Northern Blotting
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
PCR utilizes thermal cycling with Taq polymerase to exponentially amplify targeted DNA sequences.
Q. 15 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In molecular genetics #14: What molecular technique is used to amplify minute quantities of specific DNA segments in vitro?
A
Gel Electrophoresis
B
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
✓ Correct
C
Southern Blotting
D
Northern Blotting
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
PCR utilizes thermal cycling with Taq polymerase to exponentially amplify targeted DNA sequences.
Q. 16 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In molecular genetics #19: What molecular technique is used to amplify minute quantities of specific DNA segments in vitro?
A
Southern Blotting
B
Gel Electrophoresis
C
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
✓ Correct
D
Northern Blotting
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
PCR utilizes thermal cycling with Taq polymerase to exponentially amplify targeted DNA sequences.
Q. 17 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In molecular genetics #24: What molecular technique is used to amplify minute quantities of specific DNA segments in vitro?
A
Northern Blotting
B
Gel Electrophoresis
C
Southern Blotting
D
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
PCR utilizes thermal cycling with Taq polymerase to exponentially amplify targeted DNA sequences.
Q. 18 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In molecular genetics #29: What molecular technique is used to amplify minute quantities of specific DNA segments in vitro?
A
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
✓ Correct
B
Gel Electrophoresis
C
Southern Blotting
D
Northern Blotting
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
PCR utilizes thermal cycling with Taq polymerase to exponentially amplify targeted DNA sequences.
Q. 19 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In molecular genetics #34: What molecular technique is used to amplify minute quantities of specific DNA segments in vitro?
A
Gel Electrophoresis
B
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
✓ Correct
C
Southern Blotting
D
Northern Blotting
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
PCR utilizes thermal cycling with Taq polymerase to exponentially amplify targeted DNA sequences.
Q. 20 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In molecular genetics #39: What molecular technique is used to amplify minute quantities of specific DNA segments in vitro?
A
Southern Blotting
B
Gel Electrophoresis
C
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
✓ Correct
D
Northern Blotting
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
PCR utilizes thermal cycling with Taq polymerase to exponentially amplify targeted DNA sequences.
Q. 21 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
Which part of the human brain is primarily responsible for motor coordination, posture, and balance?
A
Hypothalamus
B
Cerebrum
C
Medulla oblongata
D
Cerebellum
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The cerebellum coordinates voluntary motor movements, precision, and muscular balance.
Q. 22 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In human organ physiology #9: What is the primary digestive enzyme in saliva that begins carbohydrate digestion by breaking starch into maltose?
A
Salivary Amylase (Ptyalin)
✓ Correct
B
Pepsin
C
Trypsin
D
Lipase
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Salivary amylase hydrolyzes alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch to initiate carbohydrate digestion in the oral cavity.
Q. 23 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In human organ physiology #14: What is the primary digestive enzyme in saliva that begins carbohydrate digestion by breaking starch into maltose?
A
Pepsin
B
Salivary Amylase (Ptyalin)
✓ Correct
C
Trypsin
D
Lipase
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Salivary amylase hydrolyzes alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch to initiate carbohydrate digestion in the oral cavity.
Q. 24 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In human organ physiology #19: What is the primary digestive enzyme in saliva that begins carbohydrate digestion by breaking starch into maltose?
A
Trypsin
B
Pepsin
C
Salivary Amylase (Ptyalin)
✓ Correct
D
Lipase
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Salivary amylase hydrolyzes alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch to initiate carbohydrate digestion in the oral cavity.
Q. 25 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In human organ physiology #24: What is the primary digestive enzyme in saliva that begins carbohydrate digestion by breaking starch into maltose?
A
Lipase
B
Pepsin
C
Trypsin
D
Salivary Amylase (Ptyalin)
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Salivary amylase hydrolyzes alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch to initiate carbohydrate digestion in the oral cavity.
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