📖 Tier 1: Prepare & Study Guide ✓ 100% Solved with Rationales

Cell Biology & Biomolecules (Biology) Solved Questions & Notes (2026) - Apex Rankers

Natural & Physical Sciences > Biology > Cell Biology & Biomolecules

45 Total Solved Questions
~68 mins Estimated Reading Time
1 Subject Areas / Chapters
Select Topic Area / Chapter: Click any section below to switch questions

Cell Biology & Biomolecules

100%
Showing 25 of 45 (56%)
🎯 Practice
Jump:
Q. 1 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
Which cellular organelle is known as the 'Powerhouse of the Cell' where ATP is synthesized via oxidative phosphorylation?
A
Mitochondria
✓ Correct
B
Ribosome
C
Endoplasmic Reticulum
D
Golgi Apparatus
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Mitochondria generate the vast majority of cellular chemical energy in the form of ATP via the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain.
Q. 2 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
What is the primary structural component of plant cell walls?
A
Cellulose (beta-1,4-D-glucan polymer)
✓ Correct
B
Chitin
C
Peptidoglycan
D
Glycogen
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Plant cell walls are composed of unbranched cellulose microfibrils embedded in a pectin and hemicellulose matrix.
Q. 3 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
What type of cell wall polymer is found in the cell walls of Fungi?
A
Chitin (poly-N-acetylglucosamine)
✓ Correct
B
Cellulose
C
Peptidoglycan
D
Lignin
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Fungal cell walls are reinforced with chitin, which is also found in arthropod exoskeletons.
Q. 4 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: MEDIUM (1 Mark)
Which organelle is responsible for post-translational modification, packaging, and sorting of proteins for secretion?
A
Golgi Apparatus (Dictyosome in plants)
✓ Correct
B
Lysosome
C
Peroxisome
D
Centrosome
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the rough ER, glycosylates them, and sorts them into transport vesicles.
Q. 5 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: MEDIUM (1 Mark)
During which phase of Meiosis does 'Crossing Over' (genetic recombination) occur between non-sister chromatids?
A
Pachytene stage of Prophase I
✓ Correct
B
Leptotene of Prophase I
C
Metaphase II
D
Anaphase I
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Crossing over occurs at the pachytene stage of Prophase I, facilitated by the synaptonemal complex, producing genetic diversity.
Q. 6 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
Which cellular organelle is responsible for ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation?
A
Mitochondria
✓ Correct
B
Ribosome
C
Golgi apparatus
D
Lysosome
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells where the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain generate ATP.
Q. 7 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In cell biology & macromolecular biochemistry #6: Which amino acid is the starting codon (AUG) in eukaryotic protein synthesis?
A
Alanine
B
Methionine
✓ Correct
C
Valine
D
Tryptophan
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
AUG codes for methionine in eukaryotes (and formylmethionine in prokaryotes), serving as the universal start codon.
Q. 8 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In cell biology & macromolecular biochemistry #11: Which amino acid is the starting codon (AUG) in eukaryotic protein synthesis?
A
Valine
B
Alanine
C
Methionine
✓ Correct
D
Tryptophan
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
AUG codes for methionine in eukaryotes (and formylmethionine in prokaryotes), serving as the universal start codon.
Q. 9 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In cell biology & macromolecular biochemistry #16: Which amino acid is the starting codon (AUG) in eukaryotic protein synthesis?
A
Tryptophan
B
Alanine
C
Valine
D
Methionine
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
AUG codes for methionine in eukaryotes (and formylmethionine in prokaryotes), serving as the universal start codon.
Q. 10 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In cell biology & macromolecular biochemistry #21: Which amino acid is the starting codon (AUG) in eukaryotic protein synthesis?
A
Methionine
✓ Correct
B
Alanine
C
Valine
D
Tryptophan
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
AUG codes for methionine in eukaryotes (and formylmethionine in prokaryotes), serving as the universal start codon.
Q. 11 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In cell biology & macromolecular biochemistry #26: Which amino acid is the starting codon (AUG) in eukaryotic protein synthesis?
A
Alanine
B
Methionine
✓ Correct
C
Valine
D
Tryptophan
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
AUG codes for methionine in eukaryotes (and formylmethionine in prokaryotes), serving as the universal start codon.
Q. 12 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In cell biology & macromolecular biochemistry #31: Which amino acid is the starting codon (AUG) in eukaryotic protein synthesis?
A
Valine
B
Alanine
C
Methionine
✓ Correct
D
Tryptophan
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
AUG codes for methionine in eukaryotes (and formylmethionine in prokaryotes), serving as the universal start codon.
Q. 13 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In cell biology & macromolecular biochemistry #36: Which amino acid is the starting codon (AUG) in eukaryotic protein synthesis?
A
Tryptophan
B
Alanine
C
Valine
D
Methionine
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
AUG codes for methionine in eukaryotes (and formylmethionine in prokaryotes), serving as the universal start codon.
Q. 14 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: MEDIUM (1 Mark)
Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment states that alleles of two or more different genes sort into gametes independently because:
A
Genes on non-homologous chromosomes segregate independently during meiosis
✓ Correct
B
Crossing over never occurs
C
Genes are physically linked on same chromosome
D
Dominant traits mask recessive traits
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
During Metaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosome pairs align and segregate independently on the equatorial plate.
Q. 15 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In molecular genetics #6: What molecular technique is used to amplify minute quantities of specific DNA segments in vitro?
A
Gel Electrophoresis
B
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
✓ Correct
C
Southern Blotting
D
Northern Blotting
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
PCR utilizes thermal cycling with Taq polymerase to exponentially amplify targeted DNA sequences.
Q. 16 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In molecular genetics #11: What molecular technique is used to amplify minute quantities of specific DNA segments in vitro?
A
Southern Blotting
B
Gel Electrophoresis
C
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
✓ Correct
D
Northern Blotting
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
PCR utilizes thermal cycling with Taq polymerase to exponentially amplify targeted DNA sequences.
Q. 17 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In molecular genetics #16: What molecular technique is used to amplify minute quantities of specific DNA segments in vitro?
A
Northern Blotting
B
Gel Electrophoresis
C
Southern Blotting
D
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
PCR utilizes thermal cycling with Taq polymerase to exponentially amplify targeted DNA sequences.
Q. 18 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In molecular genetics #21: What molecular technique is used to amplify minute quantities of specific DNA segments in vitro?
A
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
✓ Correct
B
Gel Electrophoresis
C
Southern Blotting
D
Northern Blotting
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
PCR utilizes thermal cycling with Taq polymerase to exponentially amplify targeted DNA sequences.
Q. 19 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In molecular genetics #26: What molecular technique is used to amplify minute quantities of specific DNA segments in vitro?
A
Gel Electrophoresis
B
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
✓ Correct
C
Southern Blotting
D
Northern Blotting
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
PCR utilizes thermal cycling with Taq polymerase to exponentially amplify targeted DNA sequences.
Q. 20 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In molecular genetics #31: What molecular technique is used to amplify minute quantities of specific DNA segments in vitro?
A
Southern Blotting
B
Gel Electrophoresis
C
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
✓ Correct
D
Northern Blotting
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
PCR utilizes thermal cycling with Taq polymerase to exponentially amplify targeted DNA sequences.
Q. 21 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In molecular genetics #36: What molecular technique is used to amplify minute quantities of specific DNA segments in vitro?
A
Northern Blotting
B
Gel Electrophoresis
C
Southern Blotting
D
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
PCR utilizes thermal cycling with Taq polymerase to exponentially amplify targeted DNA sequences.
Q. 22 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
The structural and functional unit of the human kidney is the:
A
Nephron
✓ Correct
B
Neuron
C
Alveolus
D
Hepatocyte
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Each human kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons responsible for filtration, reabsorption, and urine excretion.
Q. 23 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In human organ physiology #6: What is the primary digestive enzyme in saliva that begins carbohydrate digestion by breaking starch into maltose?
A
Pepsin
B
Salivary Amylase (Ptyalin)
✓ Correct
C
Trypsin
D
Lipase
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Salivary amylase hydrolyzes alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch to initiate carbohydrate digestion in the oral cavity.
Q. 24 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In human organ physiology #11: What is the primary digestive enzyme in saliva that begins carbohydrate digestion by breaking starch into maltose?
A
Trypsin
B
Pepsin
C
Salivary Amylase (Ptyalin)
✓ Correct
D
Lipase
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Salivary amylase hydrolyzes alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch to initiate carbohydrate digestion in the oral cavity.
Q. 25 Biology & Medical Sciences
Difficulty: EASY (1 Mark)
In human organ physiology #16: What is the primary digestive enzyme in saliva that begins carbohydrate digestion by breaking starch into maltose?
A
Lipase
B
Pepsin
C
Trypsin
D
Salivary Amylase (Ptyalin)
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Salivary amylase hydrolyzes alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch to initiate carbohydrate digestion in the oral cavity.
Study Stream Progress: Showing 25 of 45 Questions (56%)
Jump to:

Ready to Test Your Retention & Speed?

Now that you have reviewed the study questions and rationales, test yourself in our interactive 1-by-1 practice engine or take the full official timed mock exam.