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Hemodialysis & Peritoneal Dialysis Nursing Care (Nursing & Patient Care) Solved Questions & Notes (2026) - Apex Rankers

Medical & Health Sciences > Nursing & Patient Care > Hemodialysis & Peritoneal Dialysis Nursing Care

100 Total Solved Questions
~150 mins Estimated Reading Time
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Hemodialysis & Peritoneal Dialysis Nursing Care

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Q. 1 Nursing
Difficulty: medium (1 Mark)
In specialized clinical nursing practice: During physical assessment of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in a hemodialysis patient, which clinical findings confirm normal access patency?
A
A continuous palpable thrill (vibration) on palpation and a continuous low-pitch blowing bruit on auscultation
✓ Correct
B
A high-pitched discontinuous clicking sound with absent thrill
C
Severe coldness and pallor of the ipsilateral hand with bounding radial pulse
D
Hard, cord-like non-compressible vessel with no audible sound
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
A patent AV fistula exhibits a soft, continuous rhythmic thrill on palpation and a continuous low-pitch whooshing bruit on auscultation over the entire vascular access.
Q. 2 Nursing
Difficulty: hard (1 Mark)
Under ISPD, CDC and critical care nursing protocols, during physical assessment of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in a hemodialysis patient, which clinical findings confirm normal access patency?
A
Severe coldness and pallor of the ipsilateral hand with bounding radial pulse
B
A continuous palpable thrill (vibration) on palpation and a continuous low-pitch blowing bruit on auscultation
✓ Correct
C
Hard, cord-like non-compressible vessel with no audible sound
D
A high-pitched discontinuous clicking sound with absent thrill
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
A patent AV fistula exhibits a soft, continuous rhythmic thrill on palpation and a continuous low-pitch whooshing bruit on auscultation over the entire vascular access.
Q. 3 Nursing
Difficulty: hard (1 Mark)
A registered dialysis / ICU staff nurse caring for a clinical patient reviews: During physical assessment of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in a hemodialysis patient, which clinical findings confirm normal access patency?
A
Hard, cord-like non-compressible vessel with no audible sound
B
A high-pitched discontinuous clicking sound with absent thrill
C
A continuous palpable thrill (vibration) on palpation and a continuous low-pitch blowing bruit on auscultation
✓ Correct
D
Severe coldness and pallor of the ipsilateral hand with bounding radial pulse
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
A patent AV fistula exhibits a soft, continuous rhythmic thrill on palpation and a continuous low-pitch whooshing bruit on auscultation over the entire vascular access.
Q. 4 Nursing
Difficulty: medium (1 Mark)
Regarding patient safety, aseptic procedures, and hospital infection prevention: During physical assessment of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in a hemodialysis patient, which clinical findings confirm normal access patency?
A
A high-pitched discontinuous clicking sound with absent thrill
B
Severe coldness and pallor of the ipsilateral hand with bounding radial pulse
C
Hard, cord-like non-compressible vessel with no audible sound
D
A continuous palpable thrill (vibration) on palpation and a continuous low-pitch blowing bruit on auscultation
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
A patent AV fistula exhibits a soft, continuous rhythmic thrill on palpation and a continuous low-pitch whooshing bruit on auscultation over the entire vascular access.
Q. 5 Nursing
Difficulty: hard (1 Mark)
In emergency resuscitation, patient monitoring, and clinical triage, during physical assessment of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in a hemodialysis patient, which clinical findings confirm normal access patency?
A
A continuous palpable thrill (vibration) on palpation and a continuous low-pitch blowing bruit on auscultation
✓ Correct
B
Severe coldness and pallor of the ipsilateral hand with bounding radial pulse
C
Hard, cord-like non-compressible vessel with no audible sound
D
A high-pitched discontinuous clicking sound with absent thrill
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
A patent AV fistula exhibits a soft, continuous rhythmic thrill on palpation and a continuous low-pitch whooshing bruit on auscultation over the entire vascular access.
Q. 6 Nursing
Difficulty: hard (1 Mark)
Under medication administration rights, dosage calculations, and pharmacovigilance: During physical assessment of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in a hemodialysis patient, which clinical findings confirm normal access patency?
A
Hard, cord-like non-compressible vessel with no audible sound
B
A continuous palpable thrill (vibration) on palpation and a continuous low-pitch blowing bruit on auscultation
✓ Correct
C
A high-pitched discontinuous clicking sound with absent thrill
D
Severe coldness and pallor of the ipsilateral hand with bounding radial pulse
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
A patent AV fistula exhibits a soft, continuous rhythmic thrill on palpation and a continuous low-pitch whooshing bruit on auscultation over the entire vascular access.
Q. 7 Nursing
Difficulty: medium (1 Mark)
Which nursing intervention is prioritized when considering: during physical assessment of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in a hemodialysis patient, which clinical findings confirm normal access patency?
A
A high-pitched discontinuous clicking sound with absent thrill
B
Severe coldness and pallor of the ipsilateral hand with bounding radial pulse
C
A continuous palpable thrill (vibration) on palpation and a continuous low-pitch blowing bruit on auscultation
✓ Correct
D
Hard, cord-like non-compressible vessel with no audible sound
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
A patent AV fistula exhibits a soft, continuous rhythmic thrill on palpation and a continuous low-pitch whooshing bruit on auscultation over the entire vascular access.
Q. 8 Nursing
Difficulty: hard (1 Mark)
During perioperative nursing care and post-transplant patient management: During physical assessment of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in a hemodialysis patient, which clinical findings confirm normal access patency?
A
Severe coldness and pallor of the ipsilateral hand with bounding radial pulse
B
Hard, cord-like non-compressible vessel with no audible sound
C
A high-pitched discontinuous clicking sound with absent thrill
D
A continuous palpable thrill (vibration) on palpation and a continuous low-pitch blowing bruit on auscultation
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
A patent AV fistula exhibits a soft, continuous rhythmic thrill on palpation and a continuous low-pitch whooshing bruit on auscultation over the entire vascular access.
Q. 9 Nursing
Difficulty: medium (1 Mark)
In diagnostic blood collection, vacutainer handling, and transfusion safety: During physical assessment of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in a hemodialysis patient, which clinical findings confirm normal access patency?
A
A continuous palpable thrill (vibration) on palpation and a continuous low-pitch blowing bruit on auscultation
✓ Correct
B
Hard, cord-like non-compressible vessel with no audible sound
C
A high-pitched discontinuous clicking sound with absent thrill
D
Severe coldness and pallor of the ipsilateral hand with bounding radial pulse
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
A patent AV fistula exhibits a soft, continuous rhythmic thrill on palpation and a continuous low-pitch whooshing bruit on auscultation over the entire vascular access.
Q. 10 Nursing
Difficulty: medium (1 Mark)
From the perspective of bedside nursing fundamentals and quality patient care: During physical assessment of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in a hemodialysis patient, which clinical findings confirm normal access patency?
A
A high-pitched discontinuous clicking sound with absent thrill
B
A continuous palpable thrill (vibration) on palpation and a continuous low-pitch blowing bruit on auscultation
✓ Correct
C
Severe coldness and pallor of the ipsilateral hand with bounding radial pulse
D
Hard, cord-like non-compressible vessel with no audible sound
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
A patent AV fistula exhibits a soft, continuous rhythmic thrill on palpation and a continuous low-pitch whooshing bruit on auscultation over the entire vascular access.
Q. 11 Nursing
Difficulty: medium (1 Mark)
In specialized clinical nursing practice: Which nursing precaution is essential to prevent vascular access thrombosis and preserve an AV fistula arm in a hemodialysis patient?
A
Apply a firm circumferential elastic bandage around the fistula daily
B
Keep the access extremity dependent and submerged in cold water
C
Never measure blood pressure, perform venipunctures, or insert IV cannulas in the access extremity
✓ Correct
D
Infuse concentrated hypertonic solutions through the fistula between dialysis treatments
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The fistula arm must be strictly protected: no blood pressure measurements, venipunctures, IV lines, tight clothing, or heavy weight carrying on that extremity.
Q. 12 Nursing
Difficulty: hard (1 Mark)
Under ISPD, CDC and critical care nursing protocols, which nursing precaution is essential to prevent vascular access thrombosis and preserve an AV fistula arm in a hemodialysis patient?
A
Keep the access extremity dependent and submerged in cold water
B
Infuse concentrated hypertonic solutions through the fistula between dialysis treatments
C
Apply a firm circumferential elastic bandage around the fistula daily
D
Never measure blood pressure, perform venipunctures, or insert IV cannulas in the access extremity
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The fistula arm must be strictly protected: no blood pressure measurements, venipunctures, IV lines, tight clothing, or heavy weight carrying on that extremity.
Q. 13 Nursing
Difficulty: hard (1 Mark)
A registered dialysis / ICU staff nurse caring for a clinical patient reviews: Which nursing precaution is essential to prevent vascular access thrombosis and preserve an AV fistula arm in a hemodialysis patient?
A
Never measure blood pressure, perform venipunctures, or insert IV cannulas in the access extremity
✓ Correct
B
Infuse concentrated hypertonic solutions through the fistula between dialysis treatments
C
Apply a firm circumferential elastic bandage around the fistula daily
D
Keep the access extremity dependent and submerged in cold water
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The fistula arm must be strictly protected: no blood pressure measurements, venipunctures, IV lines, tight clothing, or heavy weight carrying on that extremity.
Q. 14 Nursing
Difficulty: medium (1 Mark)
Regarding patient safety, aseptic procedures, and hospital infection prevention: Which nursing precaution is essential to prevent vascular access thrombosis and preserve an AV fistula arm in a hemodialysis patient?
A
Apply a firm circumferential elastic bandage around the fistula daily
B
Never measure blood pressure, perform venipunctures, or insert IV cannulas in the access extremity
✓ Correct
C
Keep the access extremity dependent and submerged in cold water
D
Infuse concentrated hypertonic solutions through the fistula between dialysis treatments
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The fistula arm must be strictly protected: no blood pressure measurements, venipunctures, IV lines, tight clothing, or heavy weight carrying on that extremity.
Q. 15 Nursing
Difficulty: hard (1 Mark)
In emergency resuscitation, patient monitoring, and clinical triage, which nursing precaution is essential to prevent vascular access thrombosis and preserve an AV fistula arm in a hemodialysis patient?
A
Keep the access extremity dependent and submerged in cold water
B
Infuse concentrated hypertonic solutions through the fistula between dialysis treatments
C
Never measure blood pressure, perform venipunctures, or insert IV cannulas in the access extremity
✓ Correct
D
Apply a firm circumferential elastic bandage around the fistula daily
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The fistula arm must be strictly protected: no blood pressure measurements, venipunctures, IV lines, tight clothing, or heavy weight carrying on that extremity.
Q. 16 Nursing
Difficulty: hard (1 Mark)
Under medication administration rights, dosage calculations, and pharmacovigilance: Which nursing precaution is essential to prevent vascular access thrombosis and preserve an AV fistula arm in a hemodialysis patient?
A
Infuse concentrated hypertonic solutions through the fistula between dialysis treatments
B
Apply a firm circumferential elastic bandage around the fistula daily
C
Keep the access extremity dependent and submerged in cold water
D
Never measure blood pressure, perform venipunctures, or insert IV cannulas in the access extremity
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The fistula arm must be strictly protected: no blood pressure measurements, venipunctures, IV lines, tight clothing, or heavy weight carrying on that extremity.
Q. 17 Nursing
Difficulty: medium (1 Mark)
Which nursing intervention is prioritized when considering: which nursing precaution is essential to prevent vascular access thrombosis and preserve an AV fistula arm in a hemodialysis patient?
A
Never measure blood pressure, perform venipunctures, or insert IV cannulas in the access extremity
✓ Correct
B
Apply a firm circumferential elastic bandage around the fistula daily
C
Keep the access extremity dependent and submerged in cold water
D
Infuse concentrated hypertonic solutions through the fistula between dialysis treatments
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The fistula arm must be strictly protected: no blood pressure measurements, venipunctures, IV lines, tight clothing, or heavy weight carrying on that extremity.
Q. 18 Nursing
Difficulty: hard (1 Mark)
During perioperative nursing care and post-transplant patient management: Which nursing precaution is essential to prevent vascular access thrombosis and preserve an AV fistula arm in a hemodialysis patient?
A
Keep the access extremity dependent and submerged in cold water
B
Never measure blood pressure, perform venipunctures, or insert IV cannulas in the access extremity
✓ Correct
C
Infuse concentrated hypertonic solutions through the fistula between dialysis treatments
D
Apply a firm circumferential elastic bandage around the fistula daily
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The fistula arm must be strictly protected: no blood pressure measurements, venipunctures, IV lines, tight clothing, or heavy weight carrying on that extremity.
Q. 19 Nursing
Difficulty: medium (1 Mark)
In diagnostic blood collection, vacutainer handling, and transfusion safety: Which nursing precaution is essential to prevent vascular access thrombosis and preserve an AV fistula arm in a hemodialysis patient?
A
Infuse concentrated hypertonic solutions through the fistula between dialysis treatments
B
Apply a firm circumferential elastic bandage around the fistula daily
C
Never measure blood pressure, perform venipunctures, or insert IV cannulas in the access extremity
✓ Correct
D
Keep the access extremity dependent and submerged in cold water
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The fistula arm must be strictly protected: no blood pressure measurements, venipunctures, IV lines, tight clothing, or heavy weight carrying on that extremity.
Q. 20 Nursing
Difficulty: medium (1 Mark)
From the perspective of bedside nursing fundamentals and quality patient care: Which nursing precaution is essential to prevent vascular access thrombosis and preserve an AV fistula arm in a hemodialysis patient?
A
Apply a firm circumferential elastic bandage around the fistula daily
B
Keep the access extremity dependent and submerged in cold water
C
Infuse concentrated hypertonic solutions through the fistula between dialysis treatments
D
Never measure blood pressure, perform venipunctures, or insert IV cannulas in the access extremity
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The fistula arm must be strictly protected: no blood pressure measurements, venipunctures, IV lines, tight clothing, or heavy weight carrying on that extremity.
Q. 21 Nursing
Difficulty: medium (1 Mark)
In specialized clinical nursing practice: What is the classic symptom constellation of "Dialysis Access Steal Syndrome" resulting from arterial blood diversion away from the distal extremity?
A
Coldness, pallor, paresthesias, pain during dialysis sessions, and diminished distal pulses in the hand
✓ Correct
B
Marked erythema, warmth, bounding radial pulse, and arm edema
C
Generalized pruritus and muscular cramps in the lower extremities
D
Sudden onset of dyspnea and bilateral crepitations in lung bases
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Dialysis access steal syndrome occurs when blood is shunted away from the distal limb via the low-resistance fistula, causing ischemic pain, pallor, coldness, and numbness.
Q. 22 Nursing
Difficulty: hard (1 Mark)
Under ISPD, CDC and critical care nursing protocols, what is the classic symptom constellation of "Dialysis Access Steal Syndrome" resulting from arterial blood diversion away from the distal extremity?
A
Generalized pruritus and muscular cramps in the lower extremities
B
Coldness, pallor, paresthesias, pain during dialysis sessions, and diminished distal pulses in the hand
✓ Correct
C
Sudden onset of dyspnea and bilateral crepitations in lung bases
D
Marked erythema, warmth, bounding radial pulse, and arm edema
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Dialysis access steal syndrome occurs when blood is shunted away from the distal limb via the low-resistance fistula, causing ischemic pain, pallor, coldness, and numbness.
Q. 23 Nursing
Difficulty: hard (1 Mark)
A registered dialysis / ICU staff nurse caring for a clinical patient reviews: What is the classic symptom constellation of "Dialysis Access Steal Syndrome" resulting from arterial blood diversion away from the distal extremity?
A
Sudden onset of dyspnea and bilateral crepitations in lung bases
B
Marked erythema, warmth, bounding radial pulse, and arm edema
C
Coldness, pallor, paresthesias, pain during dialysis sessions, and diminished distal pulses in the hand
✓ Correct
D
Generalized pruritus and muscular cramps in the lower extremities
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Dialysis access steal syndrome occurs when blood is shunted away from the distal limb via the low-resistance fistula, causing ischemic pain, pallor, coldness, and numbness.
Q. 24 Nursing
Difficulty: medium (1 Mark)
Regarding patient safety, aseptic procedures, and hospital infection prevention: What is the classic symptom constellation of "Dialysis Access Steal Syndrome" resulting from arterial blood diversion away from the distal extremity?
A
Marked erythema, warmth, bounding radial pulse, and arm edema
B
Generalized pruritus and muscular cramps in the lower extremities
C
Sudden onset of dyspnea and bilateral crepitations in lung bases
D
Coldness, pallor, paresthesias, pain during dialysis sessions, and diminished distal pulses in the hand
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Dialysis access steal syndrome occurs when blood is shunted away from the distal limb via the low-resistance fistula, causing ischemic pain, pallor, coldness, and numbness.
Q. 25 Nursing
Difficulty: hard (1 Mark)
In emergency resuscitation, patient monitoring, and clinical triage, what is the classic symptom constellation of "Dialysis Access Steal Syndrome" resulting from arterial blood diversion away from the distal extremity?
A
Coldness, pallor, paresthesias, pain during dialysis sessions, and diminished distal pulses in the hand
✓ Correct
B
Generalized pruritus and muscular cramps in the lower extremities
C
Sudden onset of dyspnea and bilateral crepitations in lung bases
D
Marked erythema, warmth, bounding radial pulse, and arm edema
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Dialysis access steal syndrome occurs when blood is shunted away from the distal limb via the low-resistance fistula, causing ischemic pain, pallor, coldness, and numbness.
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