Media Law, Ethics & Humanitarian Reporting
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📘 Comprehensive Syllabus & Examination Guide
Media Law, Ethics & Humanitarian Reporting
Official curriculum roadmap, subject/topic distribution, negative marking rules, pacing guidelines, and solved sample questions.
🎯 Mapped Subjects & Topic Question Distribution
Total Question Pool
100%
82 MCQs
Combined Active Syllabus
Media Law, Ethics & Humanitarian Reporting
82 MCQs
Topic Pool
📊 Question Pool Structure
82 MCQs across fundamental, intermediate, and advanced concept tiers.
⚡ Recommended Pacing
45 to 60 seconds per MCQ. Flag complex problems and preserve 10 minutes for final revision.
⚖️ Scoring & Negative Marking
+1 mark per correct answer. In competitive tests with negative marking, -0.25 applies for incorrect guesses.
💡 Strategic Preparation & Exam Hall Guidelines
To maximize your score on Media Law, Ethics & Humanitarian Reporting, candidates are advised to follow a structured three-pass approach. In the First Pass, solve all direct recall and formula-based questions within 30 seconds each to secure foundational marks. In the Second Pass, tackle multi-step analytical and quantitative reasoning problems. In the Third Pass, review marked questions and verify calculations.
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Solved Blueprint Examples
Showing 10 solved representative questions
📝 Pre-Rendered Solved Sample Questions & Detailed Solutions
Review the solved problems below to understand question phrasing, answer choices, and step-by-step solution logic prior to starting the full interactive practice drill:
Sample Question 1
Media Law, Ethics & Humanitarian Reporting
medium • Crisis Communication
Under the PEMRA Electronic Media (Programs and Advertisements) Code of Conduct, what is the regulation regarding showing bodies of victims of disasters or terrorist attacks?
A
Close-up, graphic, or identifiable shots of deceased victims and mutilated bodies are strictly prohibited to protect dignity and prevent trauma
B
Broadcasters are required to show high-definition close-up footage of all deceased bodies to prove accuracy
C
Broadcasters may show graphic bodies only during prime-time evening news
D
Broadcasters can show deceased bodies if the family pays a broadcasting fee
✓ Correct Answer: A - Close-up, graphic, or identifiable shots of deceased victims and mutilated bodies are strictly prohibited to protect dignity and prevent trauma
📖 Step-by-Step Solution & Conceptual Rationale:
The PEMRA Code of Conduct explicitly bars broadcasting graphic, close-up, or gory scenes of dead bodies, severed limbs, or injured victims to preserve human dignity and prevent psychological distress.
Sample Question 2
Media Law, Ethics & Humanitarian Reporting
easy • Crisis Communication
Which article of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan guarantees the 'Right to Information' (RTI) subject to reasonable restrictions?
A
Article 6
B
Article 19-A
C
Article 25-A
D
Article 245
✓ Correct Answer: B - Article 19-A
📖 Step-by-Step Solution & Conceptual Rationale:
Article 19-A of the Constitution of Pakistan states: 'Every citizen shall have the right to have access to information in all matters of public importance subject to regulation and reasonable restrictions imposed by law.'
Sample Question 3
Media Law, Ethics & Humanitarian Reporting
medium • Crisis Communication
Under the Right of Access to Information Act 2017 (Federal), what is the statutory time limit for a public body to respond to an information request?
A
Within 24 hours in all cases
B
10 working days (which may be extended by another 10 days with written justification)
C
90 calendar days
D
1 full calendar year
✓ Correct Answer: B - 10 working days (which may be extended by another 10 days with written justification)
📖 Step-by-Step Solution & Conceptual Rationale:
Section 14 of the Right of Access to Information Act 2017 specifies that the public information officer must provide the requested information within 10 working days, extendable by up to 10 additional days if extensive searches are needed.
Sample Question 4
Media Law, Ethics & Humanitarian Reporting
hard • Crisis Communication
Under Section 14 of the Federal Right of Access to Information Act 2017, if an RTI request concerns information needed to protect 'life or liberty' of an individual, what is the mandatory response timeframe?
A
Within 3 working days
B
Within 10 working days
C
Within 30 calendar days
D
Within 6 months
✓ Correct Answer: A - Within 3 working days
📖 Step-by-Step Solution & Conceptual Rationale:
When an RTI application concerns information directly related to protecting an individual's life or liberty, the law mandates a prioritized, urgent response within 3 working days.
Sample Question 5
Media Law, Ethics & Humanitarian Reporting
hard • Crisis Communication
Under the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA 2016), what does Section 16 penalize?
A
Unauthorized access to cable television wires
B
Unauthorized use of identity information (identity theft / impersonation) through an information system
C
Constructing illegal radio transmission antennas
D
Failing to renew a television license
✓ Correct Answer: B - Unauthorized use of identity information (identity theft / impersonation) through an information system
📖 Step-by-Step Solution & Conceptual Rationale:
Section 16 of PECA 2016 deals with the unauthorized use of identity information, making it a criminal offense to obtain, sell, or use another person's identity information without authorization.
Sample Question 6
Media Law, Ethics & Humanitarian Reporting
medium • Crisis Communication
Under PECA 2016, what constitutes an offense under Section 10 ('Cyber Terrorism')?
A
Writing a critical review of a movie on social media
B
Accessing critical information infrastructure or data with intent to coerce, intimidate, or create a sense of fear/insecurity in the government or public
C
Selling second-hand computer parts at a flea market
D
Streaming copyrighted music on a personal blog
✓ Correct Answer: B - Accessing critical information infrastructure or data with intent to coerce, intimidate, or create a sense of fear/insecurity in the government or public
📖 Step-by-Step Solution & Conceptual Rationale:
Section 10 of PECA defines Cyber Terrorism as accessing or attacking critical infrastructure with intent to threaten national security, create terror, or coerce the government.
Sample Question 7
Media Law, Ethics & Humanitarian Reporting
easy • Crisis Communication
In legal terminology, what is the difference between 'Libel' and 'Slander' in defamation law?
A
Libel is defamation in permanent written/published/broadcast form; Slander is spoken or transient oral defamation
B
Libel applies only to government officials; Slander applies only to private citizens
C
Libel is a criminal trial; Slander is an arbitration proceeding
D
Libel is committed in English; Slander is committed in Urdu
✓ Correct Answer: A - Libel is defamation in permanent written/published/broadcast form; Slander is spoken or transient oral defamation
📖 Step-by-Step Solution & Conceptual Rationale:
Libel represents written, published, or broadcast defamatory statements (permanent form), whereas slander refers to spoken words, gestures, or temporary oral statements.
Sample Question 8
Media Law, Ethics & Humanitarian Reporting
medium • Crisis Communication
Under the Defamation Ordinance 2002 of Pakistan, which of the following is an absolute statutory defense against a defamation suit?
A
The defendant was intoxicated when writing the article
B
Justification by truth (the statement made was true and published for public benefit)
C
The defendant has more than 100,000 followers on social media
D
The defendant is an anonymous internet user
✓ Correct Answer: B - Justification by truth (the statement made was true and published for public benefit)
📖 Step-by-Step Solution & Conceptual Rationale:
Under defamation law, 'Justification by Truth' is a complete defense: if the publisher proves the statement is factually true and its dissemination was in the public interest, no defamation liability exists.
Sample Question 9
Media Law, Ethics & Humanitarian Reporting
medium • Crisis Communication
What does the legal defense of 'Fair Comment' protect in media and journalism?
A
The right to publish fabricated casualty numbers during a disaster
B
The right to express honest opinions on matters of legitimate public interest, provided they are based on true underlying facts and without malicious intent
C
The right to pirate software for disaster management offices
D
The right to trespass into private homes during search operations
✓ Correct Answer: B - The right to express honest opinions on matters of legitimate public interest, provided they are based on true underlying facts and without malicious intent
📖 Step-by-Step Solution & Conceptual Rationale:
Fair Comment protects bona fide, honest expressions of opinion and criticism on matters of public concern, provided the opinion is grounded in true facts and devoid of actual malice.
Sample Question 10
Media Law, Ethics & Humanitarian Reporting
medium • Crisis Communication
Under the PEMRA Code of Conduct, what is the restriction regarding interviewing injured victims or traumatized children at disaster sites?
A
Journalists must aggressively interrogate traumatized children on live TV
B
Interviews with traumatized survivors, distressed minors, and injured patients must not be conducted without informed consent and parental/guardian permission, respecting psychological vulnerability
C
Interviews with children are strictly mandatory within 5 minutes of an explosion
D
Journalists can interview anyone without restriction if they pay cash
✓ Correct Answer: B - Interviews with traumatized survivors, distressed minors, and injured patients must not be conducted without informed consent and parental/guardian permission, respecting psychological vulnerability
📖 Step-by-Step Solution & Conceptual Rationale:
The code mandates that distressed victims and children must not be badgered, harassed, or interviewed on live camera without mature consent and ethical safeguards against re-traumatization.
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