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Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC 1898) (Law) Solved Questions & Notes (2026) - Apex Rankers

Law & Judicial Studies > Law > Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC 1898)

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Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC 1898)

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Q. 1 Law
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
Under Section 4(1)(h) of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) 1898, a 'Complaint' means:
A
An allegation made orally or in writing to a Magistrate, with a view to his taking action under the Code, that some person has committed an offence
✓ Correct
B
A First Information Report (FIR) registered at a police station
C
An intelligence report submitted by a security agency
D
A formal charge framed by a Sessions Judge
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Section 4(1)(h) CrPC explicitly defines complaint as an allegation made orally or in writing to a Magistrate with a view to his taking action, but does not include the report of a police officer.
Q. 2 Law
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
What is a 'Cognizable Offence' as defined under Section 4(1)(f) of the CrPC?
A
An offence for which a police officer may, in accordance with the second schedule or any other law, arrest without warrant
✓ Correct
B
An offence punishable only with fine
C
An offence which can only be tried by the High Court
D
An offence triable exclusively under civil jurisdiction
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Section 4(1)(f) CrPC defines a cognizable offence as an offence in which a police officer may arrest the suspect without a warrant from a Magistrate.
Q. 3 Law
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
Under Section 6 of the CrPC, besides the High Courts and courts established under other laws, what are the two main classes of Criminal Courts in Pakistan?
A
Courts of Session and Courts of Magistrates
✓ Correct
B
Revenue Courts and Family Courts
C
Panchayats and Jirgas
D
Arbitration Tribunals and Conciliation Courts
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Section 6 of CrPC establishes: 'Besides the High Courts and the Courts established under any other law... there shall be two classes of Criminal Courts in Pakistan, namely: I. Courts of Session; II. Courts of Magistrates.'
Q. 4 Law
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Under Section 31(2) of the CrPC, a Sessions Judge or Additional Sessions Judge may pass which sentence authorized by law?
A
Any sentence authorized by law, but any sentence of death passed by such Judge shall be subject to confirmation by the High Court
✓ Correct
B
Imprisonment up to a maximum of seven years only
C
Imprisonment up to 14 years without death sentence power
D
Only fines not exceeding Rs. 500,000
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Under Section 31(2) CrPC, a Sessions Judge or Additional Sessions Judge may pass any sentence authorized by law, but any death sentence passed requires confirmation by the High Court under Section 374 CrPC.
Q. 5 Law
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Under Section 32 of the CrPC, what is the maximum term of imprisonment and fine that a Magistrate of the First Class can impose?
A
Imprisonment not exceeding 3 years, and fine not exceeding Rs. 45,000 (or as amended by provincial statutes)
✓ Correct
B
Imprisonment not exceeding 7 years, and unlimited fine
C
Imprisonment not exceeding 1 year, and fine of Rs. 5,000
D
Life imprisonment
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Under Section 32 CrPC, Courts of Magistrates of the First Class may pass sentences of imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years and fines up to prescribed limits (Sec 30 Magistrates have enhanced powers up to 7 years).
Q. 6 Law
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
Under Section 54 of the CrPC, a police officer may arrest any person without an order from a Magistrate and without a warrant:
A
Who has been concerned in any cognizable offence, or against whom reasonable complaint/suspicion exists
B
Who has in his possession without lawful excuse any implement of house-breaking
C
Who has been proclaimed an offender under the Code or by the Provincial Government
D
All of the above
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Section 54 CrPC lists nine specific clauses empowering a police officer to arrest without a warrant, including commission of cognizable offence, possession of house-breaking implements, proclaimed offenders, stolen property, obstruction of police, and deserters.
Q. 7 Law
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
Under Section 61 of the CrPC, a police officer cannot detain an arrested person in custody without a warrant for a period exceeding:
A
12 hours
B
24 hours (exclusive of the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the Magistrate's Court)
✓ Correct
C
48 hours
D
72 hours
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Section 61 CrPC and Article 10(2) of the Constitution of Pakistan mandate that no police officer shall detain in custody a person arrested without warrant for a longer period than 24 hours, excluding journey time, without a special order from a Magistrate under Section 167.
Q. 8 Law
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Under Section 103 of the CrPC, searches of closed places must be conducted in the presence of:
A
Two or more respectable inhabitants of the locality (mashirs)
✓ Correct
B
At least one judicial magistrate
C
A member of the National Assembly
D
The defence counsel of the accused
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Section 103 CrPC mandates that before making a search, the officer shall call upon two or more respectable inhabitants of the locality to attend and witness the search, and prepare a search memo (mashirnama) signed by them.
Q. 9 Law
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
Registration of a First Information Report (FIR) relating to the commission of a cognizable offence is governed by which section of the CrPC?
A
Section 154
✓ Correct
B
Section 156
C
Section 161
D
Section 173
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Section 154 CrPC provides the mandatory procedure for recording information in cognizable cases (First Information Report - FIR), which must be reduced to writing, read over to the informant, and signed.
Q. 10 Law
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
If an officer in charge of a police station refuses to register an FIR under Section 154, what statutory remedy is available before the Ex-Officio Justice of Peace under Section 22-A and 22-B CrPC?
A
Filing an application before the Sessions Judge / Ex-officio Justice of Peace seeking directions to register the case
✓ Correct
B
Filing a contempt petition before the Supreme Court directly
C
Applying for a stay order in a Family Court
D
Submitting a representation to the Federal Ombudsman only
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Under Sections 22-A and 22-B CrPC, the Sessions Judge and Additional Sessions Judges act as Ex-Officio Justices of the Peace with power to issue directions to police authorities to register an FIR, transfer investigation, or rectify police neglect.
Q. 11 Law
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
Statements of witnesses recorded by an investigating police officer during investigation are recorded under which section of the CrPC?
A
Section 161
✓ Correct
B
Section 164
C
Section 172
D
Section 342
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Section 161 CrPC empowers the investigating police officer to examine orally any person supposed to be acquainted with the facts of the case and reduce their statements into writing.
Q. 12 Law
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Can a statement of a witness recorded under Section 161 of the CrPC be signed by the person making it?
A
Yes, it must be signed under oath
B
No, Section 162 CrPC expressly prohibits the signing of any statement made to a police officer during investigation
✓ Correct
C
Only if verified by a notary public
D
Only if the witness is an eye-witness
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Section 162 CrPC specifically lays down that no statement made by any person to a police officer in the course of an investigation shall be signed by the person making it, nor used as substantive evidence except to contradict a witness under Article 140 QSO.
Q. 13 Law
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
A judicial confession of an accused or statement of a witness recorded before a Magistrate during investigation is governed by which section of the CrPC?
A
Section 161
B
Section 164
✓ Correct
C
Section 173
D
Section 364
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Section 164 CrPC empowers any Magistrate of the First Class to record any confession or statement made to him in the course of an investigation, provided the statutory warnings (that the accused is not bound to confess) are satisfied.
Q. 14 Law
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
What is the maximum aggregate period of physical remand in police custody that a Magistrate can grant under Section 167 of the CrPC?
A
7 days
B
14 days (or 15 days in aggregate)
✓ Correct
C
30 days
D
90 days
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Under Section 167(2) CrPC, the Magistrate may authorize detention of the accused in police custody from time to time, for a term not exceeding 15 days in the whole (in practice, granted in installments up to 14-15 days max).
Q. 15 Law
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Under Section 173 of the CrPC, what is the statutory time limit within which the police must submit the investigation report (Challan) to the court?
A
Within 7 days of FIR
B
Within 14 days from the date of recording of the FIR (with an interim report if investigation is incomplete)
✓ Correct
C
Within 60 days
D
Within 6 months
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Under Section 173(1) CrPC, the police report (Challan) must be forwarded through the public prosecutor within 14 days. If the investigation cannot be completed within 14 days, an interim report must be submitted within 3 days thereafter.
Q. 16 Law
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
Section 172 of the CrPC requires every police officer making an investigation to maintain a day-to-day record in a:
A
Case Diary (Zimni)
✓ Correct
B
General Register
C
Charge sheet index
D
Bail bond register
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Section 172 CrPC mandates that every investigating officer enter day by day his proceedings in a diary (commonly termed Zimni), recording the time, places visited, and statement of circumstances ascertained.
Q. 17 Law
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Under Section 190 of the CrPC, a Magistrate takes 'Cognizance' of an offence upon:
A
Receiving a private complaint of facts which constitute such offence
B
A police report (Challan) submitted under Section 173
C
Information received from any person other than a police officer, or upon his own knowledge/suspicion
D
Any of the above grounds
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Section 190(1) CrPC empowers Magistrates to take cognizance of offences upon: (a) complaint, (b) police report, or (c) information received or own knowledge/suspicion.
Q. 18 Law
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
What is the procedure followed by a Magistrate when an offence is triable exclusively by the Court of Session under Section 190(2) CrPC?
A
Conduct a full trial and deliver verdict
B
Send the case to the Court of Session for trial without conducting preliminary inquiry
✓ Correct
C
Discharge the accused immediately
D
Dismiss the case for lack of jurisdiction
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Under Section 190(2) CrPC, a Magistrate taking cognizance of an offence triable exclusively by the Court of Session shall send the case to the Court of Session for trial without recording evidence.
Q. 19 Law
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Under Section 249-A of the CrPC, a Magistrate has the statutory power to acquit an accused:
A
At any stage of the case, after hearing prosecutor and accused, if the charge is groundless or there is no probability of conviction
✓ Correct
B
Only after all prosecution witnesses have testified and cross-examined
C
Only if the complainant explicitly forgives the accused
D
Only after the High Court grants permission
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Section 249-A CrPC empowers a Magistrate to acquit the accused at any stage of the case, after hearing both sides and for reasons to be recorded, if he considers the charge groundless or that there is no probability of conviction.
Q. 20 Law
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
Which section of the CrPC confers corresponding power upon a Court of Session or High Court to acquit an accused at any stage of trial if the charge is groundless?
A
Section 265-K
✓ Correct
B
Section 249-A
C
Section 561-A
D
Section 497
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Section 265-K CrPC gives Sessions Courts and High Courts the power to acquit an accused at any stage of the trial if there is no probability of the accused being convicted.
Q. 21 Law
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Under Section 342 of the CrPC, when is the trial court required to examine the accused personally?
A
For the purpose of enabling the accused to explain any circumstances appearing in the evidence against him, after prosecution evidence is closed
✓ Correct
B
Before any prosecution witness is summoned
C
Only if the accused requests it in writing
D
Only in summary trials
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Section 342 CrPC mandates that the court question the accused generally on the case after the prosecution witnesses have been examined, to give the accused an opportunity to explain incriminating circumstances appearing against him.
Q. 22 Law
Difficulty: Hard (1 Mark)
Under Section 340(2) of the CrPC, an accused person in a criminal trial:
A
Shall give evidence on oath in disproof of the charges made against him
✓ Correct
B
Is completely forbidden from giving evidence on oath
C
Can only give evidence through his legal attorney without oath
D
Can only give evidence if confessed previously
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Following procedural amendments in Pakistan, Section 340(2) CrPC provides that an accused person shall be called upon by the court to give evidence on oath in disproof of charges, and his failure to do so does not create a presumption of guilt.
Q. 23 Law
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
Section 403 of the CrPC and Article 13 of the Constitution of Pakistan embody the fundamental legal doctrine of:
A
Double Jeopardy (Autrefois acquit and Autrefois convict)
✓ Correct
B
Presumption of Innocence
C
Exclusionary Rule
D
Strict Liability
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Section 403 CrPC bars retrial of a person who has once been tried by a court of competent jurisdiction and convicted or acquitted of an offence (Autrefois convict / Autrefois acquit), reinforced by Article 13 of the Constitution.
Q. 24 Law
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
Under Section 496 of the CrPC, bail in 'Bailable Offences' is:
A
A matter of right
✓ Correct
B
A matter of judicial discretion
C
Subject to approval by the prosecutor general
D
Prohibited during investigation
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
In bailable offences under Section 496 CrPC, grant of bail is an absolute statutory right, not a concession. If the accused is prepared to furnish security, the police officer or court is bound to release him.
Q. 25 Law
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Under Section 497(1) of the CrPC, in non-bailable offences, bail shall NOT be granted if there appear reasonable grounds for believing that the accused is guilty of an offence punishable with:
A
Death, imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 years (Prohibitory Clause)
✓ Correct
B
Imprisonment for 3 years
C
Fine exceeding Rs. 50,000
D
Summary trial punishment
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Under the Prohibitory Clause of Section 497(1) CrPC, an accused shall not be released on bail if reasonable grounds exist connecting him with an offence punishable with death, imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 years, unless exceptional provisos (minor, woman, sick/infirm) apply.
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