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Athletic Injuries, Trauma, First Aid & Rehabilitation (Physical Education & Sports Sciences) Solved Questions & Notes (2026) - Apex Rankers

Education & Sports Sciences > Physical Education & Sports Sciences > Athletic Injuries, Trauma, First Aid & Rehabilitation

58 Total Solved Questions
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Athletic Injuries, Trauma, First Aid & Rehabilitation

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Q. 1 Physical Education
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
What does the modern acute sports injury management acronym 'POLICE' stand for?
A
Protection, Optimal Loading, Ice, Compression, and Elevation
✓ Correct
B
Police Officers Leading In Emergency
C
Prevention, Operation, Lifting, Injection, Care, Exercise
D
Pressure, Oxygen, Light, Injection, Cast, Energy
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
POLICE updated the traditional RICE protocol by replacing complete 'Rest' with 'Optimal Loading', which stimulates early cellular remodeling and collagen alignment.
Q. 2 Physical Education
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
In the immediate 48 to 72 hours following an acute soft-tissue muscle tear or ankle sprain, what treatment should be strictly AVOIDED (the 'HARM' acronym)?
A
Heat, Alcohol, Running (premature exercise), and Massage
✓ Correct
B
Hydration, Aspirin, Rest, Movement
C
Hospitalization, Antibiotics, Radiology, Monitoring
D
Ice, Compression, Elevation, Splints
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
HARM (Heat, Alcohol, Running, vigorous Massage) causes vasodilation and increased bleeding/swelling in damaged tissues during the acute inflammatory phase.
Q. 3 Physical Education
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
What is the pathological distinction between a 'Sprain' and a 'Strain' in sports medicine?
A
A Sprain is an injury to a Ligament, while a Strain is an injury to a Muscle or Tendon
✓ Correct
B
A Sprain is a broken bone, while a Strain is a cut
C
A Sprain affects only nerves, while a Strain affects veins
D
There is no medical difference
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Sprain = Ligament stretching or tearing (stabilizes bone-to-bone joints). Strain = Muscle or Tendon injury (contractile unit transmitting force to bone).
Q. 4 Physical Education
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Which ligament in the ankle is most frequently injured in acute inversion ankle sprains?
A
Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL)
✓ Correct
B
Deltoid Ligament
C
Patellar Ligament
D
Calcaneofibular Ligament alone
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Inversion plantarflexion stress injures the lateral ankle complex, with the Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL) being the weakest and most commonly torn.
Q. 5 Physical Education
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Which clinical physical examination test is considered the most sensitive and specific diagnostic test for an acute tear of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)?
A
Lachman Test
✓ Correct
B
Thomas Test
C
Phalen's Test
D
Trendelenburg Test
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The Lachman test (performed with knee flexed at 20-30 degrees pulling the tibia anteriorly) is superior to the anterior drawer test for evaluating ACL integrity.
Q. 6 Physical Education
Difficulty: Hard (1 Mark)
The 'Unhappy Triad' (O'Donoghue's Triad) of the knee, typically caused by a severe lateral blow to the knee with foot planted, involves rupture of which three structures?
A
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL), Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL), and Medial Meniscus
✓ Correct
B
Posterior Cruciate Ligament, Lateral Collateral, and Patella
C
Femur, Fibula, and Tibia bones
D
Biceps femoris, Quadriceps, and Achilles
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Severe valgus, external rotation stress tears the ACL, MCL, and the Medial Meniscus (classic triad of athletic knee trauma).
Q. 7 Physical Education
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Which diagnostic clinical test is standardly utilized by sports physical therapists to assess for a tear in the knee menisci?
A
McMurray Test
✓ Correct
B
Thompson Test
C
Tinel's Sign
D
Empty Can Test
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The McMurray test uses passive knee flexion, axial loading, and internal/external tibial rotation to elicit a palpable or audible click indicating a meniscal tear.
Q. 8 Physical Education
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
The 'Thompson Test' (squeezing the calf muscle with patient prone to observe for passive plantarflexion) is diagnostic for:
A
Complete rupture of the Achilles Tendon
✓ Correct
B
Patellar tendon dislocation
C
Femoral neck fracture
D
Hamstring strain
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Squeezing the gastrocnemius normally produces passive plantarflexion. Absence of plantarflexion confirms complete rupture of the Achilles tendon.
Q. 9 Physical Education
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
Heat Stroke, the most critical medical emergency among exercise-induced heat illnesses, is clinically characterized by:
A
Core body temperature exceeding 40°C (104°F) accompanied by Central Nervous System dysfunction (confusion, ataxia, seizure, or coma)
✓ Correct
B
Normal temperature and mild shivering
C
Core temperature below 35°C
D
Cold, pale, clammy skin without disorientation
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Exertional heat stroke is life-threatening hyperthermia ($T_{core} > 40^\circ ext{C}$) with profound neurological dysfunction; immediate whole-body cold water immersion is vital.
Q. 10 Physical Education
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
What is the immediate, life-saving on-field first aid treatment of choice for an athlete suffering from Exertional Heat Stroke?
A
Immediate whole-body immersion in an ice water tub (Cold Water Immersion - CWI)
✓ Correct
B
Giving hot tea to drink
C
Wrapping in heavy wool blankets
D
Administering oral aspirin and waiting an hour
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Cold water immersion ($1-15^\circ ext{C}$) provides the fastest cooling rate ($\sim 0.2^\circ ext{C/min}$), reversing hyperthermia before irreversible multi-organ failure ensues.
Q. 11 Physical Education
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
A complete bone fracture where the broken bone pierces through the surrounding skin and creates an open external wound is termed a:
A
Compound (Open) Fracture
✓ Correct
B
Simple (Closed) Fracture
C
Greenstick Fracture
D
Stress Fracture
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Compound fractures carry high risk of osteomyelitis and deep infection because external pathogens directly contaminate the fractured bone fragments.
Q. 12 Physical Education
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
Greenstick fractures occur almost exclusively in which population due to incomplete bone ossification and high periosteal elasticity?
A
Young children
✓ Correct
B
Elderly individuals with osteoporosis
C
Elite weightlifters
D
Endurance marathon runners
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
In pediatric bones, the thick resilient periosteum allows bone to bend and crack on one side without breaking through the opposite cortex (like a green twig).
Q. 13 Physical Education
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
What is the common term for Lateral Epicondylitis of the elbow, caused by repetitive wrist extensor strain?
A
Tennis Elbow
✓ Correct
B
Golfer's Elbow
C
Jumper's Knee
D
Runner's Knee
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow) involves tendinopathy of the extensor carpi radialis brevis origin, whereas Medial epicondylitis is Golfer's Elbow.
Q. 14 Physical Education
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
Patellar Tendinopathy, characterized by pain and micro-tears at the inferior pole of the patella in jumping athletes, is known as:
A
Jumper's Knee
✓ Correct
B
Swimmer's Shoulder
C
Pitcher's Elbow
D
Shin Splints
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Repetitive eccentric landing loads in volleyball and basketball cause overuse degeneration of the patellar tendon (Jumper's Knee).
Q. 15 Physical Education
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
What is the primary underlying cause of Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (commonly known as 'Shin Splints') in runners?
A
Repetitive micro-trauma and periostitis along the posteromedial tibial border due to overuse and training errors
✓ Correct
B
Complete rupture of the tibia bone
C
Bacterial infection of the ankle
D
Wearing socks that are too tight
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Shin splints involve inflammation of the tibial periosteum at the origin of the tibialis posterior and soleus muscles from repetitive impact loading.
Q. 16 Physical Education
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
In the 'SCAT5' (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5), what is the first baseline rule when a sport concussion is suspected in an athlete during competition?
A
'When in doubt, sit them out' — immediate removal from play with no return to play on the same day
✓ Correct
B
Have the player take an energy drink and continue play
C
Allow the player to finish the match if they score
D
Ask the player if they want to play and follow their advice
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
International consensus mandates immediate removal from play; any athlete with suspected concussion must not return on the same day under any circumstances.
Q. 17 Physical Education
Difficulty: Hard (1 Mark)
What is the life-threatening condition called when an athlete suffers a second head concussion before the brain has fully healed from a previous concussion?
A
Second Impact Syndrome (SIS)
✓ Correct
B
Post-Concussion Syndrome
C
Tinnitus
D
Migraine Aura
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Second Impact Syndrome causes catastrophic loss of cerebral autoregulation, rapid brain swelling, brainstem herniation, and death within minutes.
Q. 18 Physical Education
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
What is the first-line treatment for an acute muscle cramp occurring during a soccer match?
A
Passive, gentle static stretching of the affected muscle combined with light massage and fluid/electrolyte replacement
✓ Correct
B
Hitting the muscle with a hard stick
C
Forcing the athlete to sprint immediately
D
Immediate surgical incision
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Passive stretching activates Golgi tendon organs to reflexively inhibit the hyperactive alpha motor neurons, terminating the cramp.
Q. 19 Physical Education
Difficulty: Hard (1 Mark)
Which acute sports trauma involves sudden non-traumatic cardiac arrest triggered by a direct, blunt impact to the chest wall during the vulnerable T-wave repolarization phase of the cardiac cycle?
A
Commotio Cordis
✓ Correct
B
Myocardial Infarction
C
Aortic Dissection
D
Pneumothorax
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Commotio cordis occurs when a projectile (cricket or baseball) strikes the precordium during the vulnerable 15-30ms window of the T-wave, inducing ventricular fibrillation.
Q. 20 Physical Education
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
The compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) performed by a single rescuer is:
A
30 chest compressions to 2 rescue breaths (30:2)
✓ Correct
B
15 compressions to 2 breaths
C
5 compressions to 1 breath
D
50 compressions to 5 breaths
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Standard AHA/ERC guidelines mandate 30 chest compressions at a depth of 5-6 cm and rate of 100-120 cpm followed by 2 ventilations for adult cardiac arrest.
Q. 21 Physical Education
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS), which peaks 24 to 72 hours after unaccustomed physical exercise, is primarily caused by:
A
Microscopic structural tears in the muscle sarcomeres and z-discs resulting from strenuous eccentric muscle contractions
✓ Correct
B
Lactic acid remaining trapped in the muscle for 3 days
C
Bone spurs forming overnight
D
Dehydration
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
DOMS is caused by mechanical disruption of sarcomeric Z-lines and subsequent inflammatory repair following eccentric exercise, NOT lactic acid (which clears within 60 min).
Q. 22 Physical Education
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
Which of the following is an absolute indication for emergency spinal immobilization on the sports field?
A
An unconscious athlete following a collision, or any player complaining of severe neck pain, numbness, or tingling in the extremities
✓ Correct
B
A mild abrasion on the knee
C
A nosebleed
D
A finger blister
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Any mechanism suggesting cervical spine trauma requires immediate manual in-line stabilization, cervical collar application, and spine board transport to protect the spinal cord.
Q. 23 Physical Education
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
In sports injury rehabilitation, which phase of tissue healing begins around Day 3 and lasts up to 3-6 weeks, characterized by collagen deposition and angiogenesis?
A
Proliferation / Fibroblastic Repair Phase
✓ Correct
B
Acute Inflammatory Phase
C
Maturation / Remodeling Phase
D
Degeneration Phase
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Tissue repair proceeds: (1) Inflammatory response phase (Days 0-4), (2) Fibroblastic-repair / proliferation phase (Days 4-6 weeks), (3) Maturation-remodeling phase (up to years).
Q. 24 Physical Education
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Proprioceptive training (using balance boards, BOSU balls, and single-leg stability drills) during sports rehabilitation is crucial to:
A
Restore joint kinesthetic awareness, neuromuscular control, and prevent recurrent ligament sprains
✓ Correct
B
Increase maximum bench press strength
C
Raise lung tidal volume
D
Lower blood cholesterol
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Joint trauma damages mechanoreceptors; proprioceptive retraining re-establishes dynamic sensory-motor reflex arcs, preventing functional ankle and knee instability.
Q. 25 Physical Education
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
Plantaris and Achilles tendon ruptures frequently occur during which athletic movement?
A
Sudden forceful push-off with the knee extended and ankle forcefully dorsiflexed (e.g., sprinting or jumping)
✓ Correct
B
Sleeping on the side
C
Slow walking on soft grass
D
Floating in a pool
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Achilles tendon failure occurs during violent eccentric loading or sudden explosive plantarflexion while accelerating or changing direction.
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