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Physical Geography (Geography) Solved Questions & Notes (2026) - Apex Rankers

General Competitive Exams > Geography > Physical Geography

200 Total Solved Questions
~300 mins Estimated Reading Time
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Physical Geography

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Q. 1 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Arrange the following three atmospheric layers starting from the surface of the earth: (A) Stratosphere (B) Ionosphere (C) Troposphere
A
A, B, C
B
C, A, B
✓ Correct
C
A, C, B
D
C, B, A
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The Troposphere is the lowest layer, followed by the Stratosphere, and then the Ionosphere (part of the Thermosphere).
Q. 2 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
What does ‘Roaring forties’ refer to?
A
The tract of stormy westerly winds between latitudes 20-30° S
B
Whirl winds caused in Atlantic Ocean
C
The region between latitudes 40 and 50° S where the prevailing westerly winds blow...
✓ Correct
D
None of these
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The Roaring Forties are powerful westerly winds in the Southern Hemisphere, generally found between the latitudes of 40 and 50 degrees.
Q. 3 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Isotherms are lines on a map, which join the places having the same:
A
Humidity
B
Pressure
C
Mean temperature
✓ Correct
D
None of these
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Isotherms are contour lines on a weather map that connect points with the same temperature.
Q. 4 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
A sextant is a scientific instrument for measuring:
A
Rainfall
B
Altitude of the sun and other inaccessible heavenly bodies
✓ Correct
C
Curvature of earth’s surface
D
None of these
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
A sextant is a doubly reflecting navigation instrument used to measure the angular distance between two visible objects.
Q. 5 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
A piece of land surrounded by water from all sides in an ocean, sea, lake or river, is called:
A
Estuary
B
An Island
✓ Correct
C
Peninsula
D
None of these
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
An island is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water.
Q. 6 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
Who was the first to reach the South Pole?
A
Amundsen
✓ Correct
B
Magellan
C
Robert Peary
D
None of these
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Roald Amundsen was a Norwegian explorer who led the first expedition to reach the South Pole on December 14, 1911.
Q. 7 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
An extensive inlet penetrating far into the land (a large, deep bay), is known as:
A
A Gulf
✓ Correct
B
An Island
C
A Peninsula
D
None of these
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
A gulf is a portion of an ocean or sea partly enclosed by land, typically larger and deeper than a bay.
Q. 8 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
The Ozone Layer protects the earth from:
A
Ultra-violet rays
✓ Correct
B
Cosmic rays
C
Infrared rays
D
X-rays
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The ozone layer absorbs most of the Sun's medium-frequency ultraviolet light, protecting life from radiation damage.
Q. 9 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
High tides occur when:
A
The earth, the sun and the moon are in a straight line...
✓ Correct
B
The position of the sun and moon form a right angle...
C
The sun, the earth and the moon are in a straight line...
D
The earth, the moon and the sun are in a straight line...
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
These are called spring tides, occurring when the gravitational pulls of the Sun and Moon reinforce each other.
Q. 10 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Moraines are debris deposited by:
A
Rivers
B
Sea-waves
C
Winds
D
Glaciers
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
A moraine is any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris (regolith and rock).
Q. 11 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard (1 Mark)
Distance between moon and earth is approximately:
A
4,06,700 km
✓ Correct
B
1,00,000 km
C
12,00,000 km
D
2,50,000 km
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The average distance is about 384,400 km, but it ranges from ~363,000 km at perigee to ~405,000 km at apogee.
Q. 12 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Westerlies are:
A
Cold winds
B
Warm wind-streams
C
Hot winds blowing
D
Rain-bearing winds from the west
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Westerlies are prevailing winds that blow from the west towards the east in the middle latitudes, often bringing moisture.
Q. 13 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Horse Latitude is a belt between the:
A
30° – 35° N and S Lat
✓ Correct
B
10° – 25° N Lat
C
Around 0° Lat
D
40° – 60° S Lat
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
These are subtropical latitudes between 30 and 35 degrees both north and south, characterized by calm winds and high pressure.
Q. 14 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
The International Date Line refers to:
A
The world calendar
✓ Correct
B
The international boundary between North and South
C
Headquarters of the International Court of Justice
D
Line of international affairs
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The IDL serves as the line where the calendar day officially changes.
Q. 15 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard (1 Mark)
What is the right combination... in the order of increasing distance from the outermost planet?
A
Earth, Mars, Venus, Mercury
✓ Correct
B
Mars, Earth, Venus, Mercury
C
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
D
Venus, Earth, Mercury, Mars
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The outermost planet is Neptune; moving inward, we reach Earth, then Mars, then Venus, then Mercury (the innermost).
Q. 16 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
The length of a shadow at noon would be the same all the year round at:
A
The Equator
✓ Correct
B
The South Pole
C
The North Pole
D
The Tropic of Cancer
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
While not perfectly identical due to axial tilt, the noon shadow variation is most consistent/stable near the equator compared to poles.
Q. 17 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
A narrow strip of land, connecting two large areas of land is called:
A
A Peninsula
B
An Isthmus
✓ Correct
C
A Strait
D
An Archipelago
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
An isthmus is a narrow strip of land with sea on either side, forming a link between two larger areas of land.
Q. 18 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
The Equator, the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn run through the continent of:
A
Africa
✓ Correct
B
Australia
C
South America
D
North America
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Africa is the only continent that is crossed by the Prime Meridian, the Equator, and both the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn.
Q. 19 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy (1 Mark)
The smallest planet is:
A
Earth
B
Mars
C
Mercury
✓ Correct
D
Pluto
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Since Pluto's reclassification as a dwarf planet, Mercury is the smallest major planet in the solar system.
Q. 20 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Bad Lands develop as a result of:
A
Weathering of rocks
B
Sheet erosion
C
Gully erosion
✓ Correct
D
None of the above
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Badlands are a type of dry terrain where softer sedimentary rocks and clay-rich soils have been extensively eroded by wind and water (gully erosion).
Q. 21 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Rich mineral area in the sea is:
A
Enclosed sea – an area of inland drainage
B
Deep Sea
C
Slopes
D
Shelves
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
The continental shelves are the most productive and mineral-rich areas of the ocean floor, containing significant oil and gas reserves.
Q. 22 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Soils of volcanic origin... lavas and liberating the essential plant foods, are most favoured for the cultivation of:
A
Coffee
✓ Correct
B
Sugar beet
C
Tea
D
Sugarcane
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Volcanic soils (andisols) are rich in minerals and are highly prized for growing crops like coffee and grapes.
Q. 23 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
The difference between sun and shade temperatures is largest in which of the following types of climates?
A
Amazon
B
Tibetan
C
Iran
D
Sahara
✓ Correct
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Hot desert climates like the Sahara experience extreme diurnal temperature variations and significant differences between sun and shade.
Q. 24 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
Anticyclones are so-called because:
A
They are systems of divergence and outflow of air
B
They have no pressure gradient
C
They move in a direction opposite to that of cyclones
✓ Correct
D
They destroy the cyclonic conditions
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
Anticyclones have high pressure at the center and rotate in the opposite direction of cyclones (clockwise in the N. Hemisphere).
Q. 25 General Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium (1 Mark)
The Planetary winds variously known as roaring forties, furious fifties and stormy sixties are:
A
Cyclones
B
Polar winds
C
Westerlies
✓ Correct
D
Trade winds
💡 Step-by-Step Explanation & Concept Rationale
These names refer to the powerful westerly winds found in the Southern Hemisphere at those latitudes.
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